丹江口市坡耕地牧草种植水土保持综合效益分析

加强坡耕地的水土流失综合防治,对于中线调水工程的有效运行和当地经济社会的持续发展具有重要意义。通过在丹江口市一径流小区开展的为期2 a的试验,对比分析了坡耕地在不同种植方式下的水土流失状况和经济效益。研究表明,在坡耕地种植牧草可以有效减少水土流失,且多年生牧草比一年生牧草具有更好的水土保持效果,坡耕地种草养畜的经济效益要高于种植农作物。从水土保持效益、环境效益和经济效益等方面来看,坡耕地种草养畜有着较广阔的应用前景。     

大宁河补水工程环境地质条件与布置方案研究(Ⅱ)

针对丹江口水库远期补水需要,对大宁河补水工程的环境工程地质条件进行了全面研究,全面论述了东西线4个比选方案。研究认为：各方案深埋长隧洞为工程难点,但就国内外已建工程经验而言,暂未发现在经济条件许可的前提下存在不可克服的技术问题。对4个组合方案环境工程地质条件、重要非地质因素进行了比选研究,认为：西线优势方案“西线剪刀峡（檀木-茅草坡）方案”在二级泵站站址、控制性穿岭隧洞长度及其可实现最短施工长度、隧洞埋深、不稳定类岩体长度等方面优势明显;就重要非地质因素而言,该方案在抽水蓄能效益、带动当地经济发展、投资集约度与灵活度等方面优势明显,在调水保证度这一核心任务方面,西线具有突出优越性。     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF AERATED FLOWS DOWNSTREAM SUDDEN FALL AERATOR EXPANSION-IN A TUNNEL

Air entrainment is known to be one of efficient and inexpensive methods to prevent cavitation damages in hydropower projects.The shape of sudden expansion-fall is used as a common device for mitigating cavitation erosions.The complex flow patterns with cavitation are numerically simulated by using the realizable k-εturbulence model and the air-water mixture model.The calculated results are compared well with the experimental results as well as those obtained with the k-εturbulence model with the Volume Of Fluid(VOF)Model.The calculated results agree well with the experimental data for the aeration cavity and wall pressure.Moreover,the air concentration near sidewall is simulated by a mixture model.It is found that the mixture turbulence model is superior to the VOF turbulence model.     

引气剂在南水北调中线工程中的应用

引气剂在混凝土中能够引入大量微小、封闭、稳定的气泡,可改善混凝土和易性、耐久性,延长建筑物的使用寿命。引气剂的使用效果与混凝土的原材料质量、拌和工艺及环境有关,使用时应适当调整掺量,满足含气量的技术指标要求。     

引气剂在南水北调中线工程中的应用

引气剂在混凝土中能够引人大量微小、封闭、稳定的气泡,可改善混凝土和易性、耐久性,延长建筑物的使用寿命.引气剂的使用效果与混凝土的原材料质量、拌和工艺及环境有关,使用时应适当调整掺量,满足含气量的技术指标要求.     

On the effect of wind direction and urban surroundings on natural ventilation of a large semi-enclosed stadium

Natural ventilation of buildings refers to the replacement of indoor air with outdoor air due to pressure differences caused by wind and/or buoyancy. It is often expressed in terms of the air change rate per hour (ACH). The pressure differences created by the wind depend - among others - on the wind speed, the wind direction, the configuration of surrounding buildings and the surrounding topography. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been used extensively in natural ventilation research. However, most CFD studies were performed for only a limited number of wind directions and/or without considering the urban surroundings. This paper presents isothermal CFD simulations of coupled urban wind flow and indoor natural ventilation to assess the influence of wind direction and urban surroundings on the ACH of a large semi-enclosed stadium. Simulations are performed for eight wind directions and for a computational model with and without the surrounding buildings. CFD solution verification is conducted by performing a grid-sensitivity analysis. CFD validation is performed with on-site wind velocity measurements. The simulated differences in ACH between wind directions can go up to 75% (without surrounding buildings) and 152% (with surrounding buildings). Furthermore, comparing the simulations with and without surrounding buildings showed that neglecting the surroundings can lead to overestimations of the ACH with up to 96%.     

Adjustment of drag coefficient correlations in three dimensional CFD simulation of gas-solid bubbling fluidized bed

Fluidized beds have been widely used in power generation and in chemical, biochemical, and petroleum industries. 3D simulation of commercial scale fluidized beds has been computationally impractical due to the required memory and processor speeds. In this study, 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation of a gas-solid bubbling fluidized bed is performed to investigate the effect of using different inter-phase drag models. The drag correlations of Richardon and Zaki, Wen-Yu, Gibilaro, Gidaspow, Syamlal-O’Brien, Arastoopour, RUC, Di Felice, Hill Koch Ladd, Zhang and Reese, and adjusted Syamlal are reviewed using a multiphase Eulerian-Eulerian model to simulate the momentum transfer between phases. Furthermore, a method has been proposed to adjust the Di Felice drag model in a three dimensional domain based on the experimental value of minimum fluidization velocity as a calibration point. Comparisons are made with both a 2D Cartesian simulation and experimental data. The experiments are performed on a Plexiglas rectangular fluidized bed consisting of spherical glass beads and ambient air as the gas phase. Comparisons were made based on solid volume fractions, expansion height, and pressure drop inside the fluidized bed at different superficial gas velocities. The results of the proposed drag model were found to agree well with experimental data. The effect of restitution coefficient on three dimensional prediction of bed height is also investigated and an optimum value of restitution coefficient for modeling fluidized beds in a bubbling regime has been proposed. Finally sensitivity analysis is performed on the grid interval size to obtain an optimum mesh size with the objective of accuracy and time efficiency.     

Unsteady fluid mechanics effects in water based human locomotion

Computational fluid mechanics (CFD) has made substantial progress on modelling a variety of important problems in industry. However, there is still lack of reliable methods to model the motion of the body in water. This is a central issue in understanding animal and human propulsion in water not only to advance science but to explore the possibility of utilising such propulsion modes for man made vehicles. The presented work identified the added mass effect as the prime contributor to propulsive force generation. The use of boundary element method (BEM) proved very successful as it allowed reducing this dynamic problem to a quasi-static one without sacrificing accuracy in the model. The comparison between the experimental data and the simulation result was in the range of 95% (average accuracy) suggesting that the added mass effect and dynamic lift and drag are the most significant physical phenomena in propulsive force generation despite the fact that there is undoubtedly and the presence of turbulent effects that were not considered.     

风机流场并行数值模拟在集群系统上的应用

介绍集群系统的特点及其软硬件配置环境。利用计算流体力学商用软件Fluent对一种新型垂直轴风力机风轮在曙光天潮超级服务器4000A集群上进行数值模拟及并行计算,得到风轮内外部的三维流场,实现该软件在高性能并行计算机上的应用,为并行有限元分析提供一个基础计算平台。     

基于不确定型AHP法的南水北调中线工程对河南省水源区经济影响评价

南水北调中线工程的兴建与运行在缓解我国北方地区水资源短缺的局面的同时,对水源区的经济发展和环境保护提出了更高的要求。中线工程对于水源区经济发展的影响是多方面的,因此很难采用单一指标进行描述和定量测算。以河南省水源区为研究对象,采用不确定型层次分析方法(AHP),构建南水北调中线工程对河南省水源区经济影响评价的指标体系,并在此基础上确定指标相互间的区间判断矩阵,最后,利用最优传递矩阵的方法计算得出了各层指标的权重,计算中线工程对河南省水源区各产业的影响效应。测算结果表明,南水北调中线工程对于河南水源区第二产业发展影响效应最大,其次是第一产业,最后是第三产业。